💡 Understanding Wrapped Tokens

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Today, we’re learning about wrapped tokens. Let’s dive in!

TODAY’S LESSON

EXPANDING CRYPTO ACROSS MULTIPLE CHAINS
Understanding Wrapped Tokens

A single bitcoin surrounded by raw gold pieces.

Wrapped tokens act like digital stand-ins, letting cryptocurrencies move across blockchains where they wouldn’t normally work. Imagine Bitcoin on Ethereum—it doesn’t naturally exist there, but with Wrapped Bitcoin (WBTC), it can. Each WBTC is backed 1:1 by real Bitcoin, held securely in reserve. This makes wrapped tokens a bridge between otherwise isolated ecosystems.

Creating a wrapped token involves locking up the original asset and issuing an equal number of wrapped tokens on another chain. When you want to switch back, the wrapped tokens are burned, and the original asset is released. This ensures their value stays tightly linked to the real thing.

Wrapped tokens aren’t new cryptocurrencies—they don’t have their own blockchain or network. Instead, they’re representations of existing assets, like Bitcoin or Ethereum, adapted to work in different environments. They rely on smart contracts or custodians to keep everything in sync.

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There are two ways wrapped tokens are managed: custodial and non-custodial. Custodial versions depend on a centralized entity to hold the reserves and issue new tokens. Non-custodial versions use decentralized protocols and smart contracts, removing the need for a middleman.

Not all wrapped tokens are the same, even if they represent the same asset. Wrapped Bitcoin on Ethereum (WBTC) and Wrapped Bitcoin on Binance Smart Chain (BTCB) both mirror BTC, but they follow different rules and can’t be swapped directly. Their usefulness depends on which ecosystem you’re working in.

Moving wrapped tokens between blockchains requires a bridge—a protocol that transfers assets across networks. Without a bridge, a wrapped token is stuck on the chain where it was minted. This makes interoperability tricky, adding extra steps to cross-chain transactions.

While wrapped tokens solve a major compatibility problem, they’re not a perfect fix. They rely on third-party mechanisms to maintain trust, and as blockchain technology evolves, newer solutions like cross-chain messaging and multi-chain assets might eventually replace them.

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